Close your eyes and imagine you are walking to your garden,” says Saint-Hilaire Olissaint, a community mental health worker. His calm, soothing voice carries over the din of the nearby street market and the curious chatter of the children watching nearby.
“You open the gate and see the plantain leaves glistening with dew. The trees are heavy with ripe fruit and your plants are loaded with corn, beans and tomatoes ready to harvest. You can smell ripe guavas and wet earth from the rain last night, you can feel the hoe handle gritty in your hand, you can hear your goats in the distance.”
As he talks, the woman to his right, his patient, is holding her chest tightly with one hand, her eyes pinched shut, smiling. Tears are running down her cheek. She is muttering, “Thank you, Jesus. Thank you, Jesus,” under her breath as he narrates each part of this guided visualization exercise.
Noel Derenis, a 57-year-old widow in the rural community of Lahoye, Haiti, a few hundred metres from the Dominican border, has major depression. Like many people with mental illness in Haiti, she suffered for years before being able to get the mental health care she needed.
This visualization exercise is but one tool among many that MCC’s partner Zanmi Lasante, the Haitian branch of the non-profit Partners in Health, uses to address mental health needs. Last year Zanmi Lasante's mental health program worked with 2,210 patients.
Community mental health workers, like Saint-Hilare, do initial screenings, refer patients to higher levels of care when it’s needed, provide regular follow up and teach coping skills, like the visualization exercise. They also educate the community about mental health to reduce stigma.
People who need higher levels of care can get talk therapy from psychologists and social workers. Doctors provide medication if needed and manage the care of the most complex patients.
It’s by God’s grace that I lived long enough to get this help and come to know that I could heal and that it wasn’t my fault that I suffered like this. I’m so thankful I don’t live like that anymore.
Guerres Lucien
“It all started when my husband got sick and died,” Derenis said. “We spent everything we had on medical care, and he still died. I was left with nothing, and I had four children to take care of. I had to take them out of school; we didn’t have enough food to eat. I was panicked. I couldn’t breathe. I couldn’t think. I began to see things and hear things that weren’t there.
“My children were suffering because of me and I saw that,” she continued, “but this only gave me more shame and sadness. If I were not a Christian, if I didn’t have these four children to feed, I would have taken my life long ago.”
Untreated mental illness is a serious public health concern because it not only reduces the number of years a person is productive by as much as a third, it results in suffering and premature death, according to various studies.
Yet funding for mental health care around the world makes up just 0.41 per cent of total global health funding. While MCC is a relatively small funder, MCC spends an estimated 1 per cent of all private philanthropic dollars in global mental health by supporting eight mental health projects in Afghanistan, Haiti, Lebanon, Nepal, Palestine, Syria, and Tanzania.
According to most experts in the field, including the recent Lancet Commission on Global Mental Health and Sustainable Development, the majority of the mental health care available in economically poor countries like Haiti is of low quality and often consists of warehousing extremely sick patients in dilapidated, long-term, psychiatric hospitals, rather than providing effective treatment.
This context makes the community-based mental health work that MCC is supporting with Zanmi Lasante all the more important.
Zanmi Lasante’s model of mental health care is based on the principle that even the poorest people in Haiti deserve high-quality, effective, compassionate mental health treatment. To do this, they have worked to adapt proven treatments for conditions including depression, anxiety, psychosis and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
For example, diagnosing and treating a condition like PTSD effectively in Haiti requires understanding how trauma manifests uniquely in this culture and how people make meaning in Haiti after incredible loss. Diagnosis questions and treatment protocols are effectively tailored to meet these distinct cultural realities.
Zanmi Lasante’s mental health care is delivered free of charge by an interdisciplinary team of trained community mental health workers – social workers, psychologists, nurses and doctors. Whenever possible, care is brought to people’s homes and communities, to make it accessible to even the most vulnerable and remote people. MCC helps make this work possible with financial support, capacity building and technical input.
“I am getting help now,” says Derenis, smiling shyly at Saint-Hilaire. “I still have times of sadness, and my economic situation is still so difficult. Sometimes I am overwhelmed by all I cannot do for my children. But I get counselling now, and I have medication that helps me hang on to hope. I have energy to love and take care of my kids. I have energy to work and clean and leave my room. I am much better, thanks to God.”
Another participant from Lahoye, Guerres Lucien, said, “When I could no longer work, couldn’t leave my house or care for my children, my family called me lazy, stupid, and crazy. It’s by God’s grace that I lived long enough to get this help and come to know that I could heal and that it wasn’t my fault that I suffered like this. I’m so thankful I don’t live like that anymore.”